Detección de la enfermedad arterial oclusiva crónica de extremidades inferiores en los centros de salud
Palabras clave:
Atención Primaria de Salud, Enfermedad Arterial Periférica, Factores de riesgo.Resumen
Introducción: La prevalencia de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles aumentado en los países en desarrollo desde el mejor control de las enfermedades infecciosas. La Enfermedad Arterial Oclusiva Crónica de Extremidades Inferiores resulta ser infradiagnosticada por desconocimiento de la enfermedad y falta de métodos diagnósticos accesible. La detección oportuna permite disminuir la frecuencia de amputaciones y muerte cardiovascular.
Objetivo: El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar estrategias y herramientas diagnósticas de EAOC – EEII accesibles y aplicables en los centros de salud.
Material y Métodos: La búsqueda de información se realizó en PubMed, Scopus y SciELO empleando operadores booleanos y términos DeCS/MeSH en idioma español e inglés. Tomando en cuenta los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se seleccionó un total de 36 artículos.
Desarrollo: La enfermedad arterial oclusiva crónica de extremidades inferiores es una condición sistémica que puede sospecharse por la presencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular, valores bajos de la prueba índice tobillo brazo y/o manifestaciones clínicas, aunque no siempre presenta síntomas
Conclusión: El interrogatorio clínico y prueba índice tobillo brazo podrían ser la estrategia y herramienta inicial de detección de enfermedad arterial oclusiva crónica de extremidades inferiores
Citas
1. Agnelli G, Belch J, Baumgartner I, Giovas P, Hoffmann U. Morbidity and mortality associated with atherosclerotic peripheral artery disease: A systematic review. Atherosclerosis. [Internet]. 2019 [citado 04/11/2021]; 293:94-100. Disponible en:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.09.012
2. Sun H, Liu L, Jing Y, Wang J, Zhou Y, Kang Chen et al. Post-exercise ankle-brachial index decline and risk of all-cause mortality: A meta-analysis. European journal of preventive cardiology. [Internet]. 2020 [citado 04/11/2021]; 27(11):1225-1227. Disponible en: https://doi. org/10.1177/2047487319849507
3. Abry L, Weiss S, Makaloski V, Haynes AG, Schmidli J, Wyss T et
al. Peripheral Artery Disease Leading to Major Amputation: Trends in Revascularization and Mortality Over 18 Years. Ann Vasc Surg. [Internet].
2021 [citado 04/11/2021]; 78:295-301. Disponible en: https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.avsg.2021.04.037
4. Del Brutto OH, Sedler MJ, Zambrano M, Mera RM, Phelan KJ, Gruen JA, et al. Comparison of field questionnaires with the ankle-brachial index for the detection of peripheral artery disease. A population-based study in rural Ecuador. International journal of cardiology. [Internet]. 2014 [citado 04/11/2021]; 177(2):703-4. Disponible en: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.09.188
5. Barrera-Guarderas F, Carrasco-Tenezaca F, De la Torre-Cisneros K. Peripheral Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Survival Analysis of an Ecuadorian Population in Primary Care. Journal of primary care & community health. [Internet]. 2020 [citado 10/11/2021]; 11:1-9. Disponible en: https://doi.
org/10.1177/2150132720957449
6. Song P, Rudan D, Zhu Y, Fowkes F, Rahimi K, Fowkes GR et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2015: an updated systematic review and analysis. The Lancet. [Internet]. 2019 [citado 10/11/2021]; 7:e1020-e1030. Disponible en:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30255-4
7. Yip W, Fu H, Chen AT, Zhai T, Jian W, Xu R et al. 10 years of healthcare reform in China: progress and gaps in Universal Health Coverage. The Lancet. [Internet]. 2019 [citado 08/11/2021]; 394(10204):1192-1204. Disponible en : https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32136-1
8. Saloner B, Wilk AS, Levin J. Community Health Centers and Access to Care Among Underserved Populations: A Synthesis Review. Medical care research and review: MCRR. [Internet]. 2020 [citado 06/11/2021]; 77(1):3-18. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/1077558719848283
9. Liu F, Du J, Nie M, Fu J, Sun J. 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T gene polymorphism and peripheral arterial disease: A meta-analysis. Vascular [Internet]. 2021 [citado 08/11/2021]; 29(6):913-919. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/1708538120982698
10. Poznyak A, Andrey VG, Orekhov AN, Poggio P, Myasoedova VA, Alfieri V. The Diabetes Mellitus-Atherosclerosis Connection: The Role of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation. International journal of molecular sciences. [Internet]. 2020 [citado 04/11/2021]; 21(5):1835. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051835
11. Hap K, Biernat K, Konieczny, G. Patients with Diabetes Complicated by Peripheral Artery Disease: the Current State of Knowledge on Physiotherapy Interventions. Journal of diabetes research. [Internet]. 2021 [citado 04/11/2021]; 5122494. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5122494
12. Schaller MS, Chen M, Colas RA, Sorrentino TA, Lazar AA, Grenon
SM et al. Treatment With a Marine Oil Supplement Alters Lipid Mediators and Leukocyte Phenotype in Healthy Patients and Those With Peripheral Artery Disease. Journal of the American Heart Association. [Internet]. 2020 [citado 06/11/2021]; 9(15):e016113. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.016113
13. Ramirez JL, Gasper WJ, Khetani SA, Zahner GJ, Hills NK, Mitchell PT, et al. Fish Oil Increases Specialized Pro-resolving Lipid Mediators in PAD (The OMEGA-PAD II Trial). The Journal of surgical research. [Internet]. 2019 [citado 05/11/2021]; 238:164-174. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2019.01.038
14. Jeong IH, Bae WY, Choi JS, Jeong JW. Ischemia induces autophagy of endothelial cells and stimulates angiogenic effects in a hindlimb ischemia mouse model. Cell death & disease. [Internet]. 2020 [citado 04/11/2021]; 11(8):624. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-020-02849-4
15. Zhu Y, Xian X, Wang Z, Bi Y, Chen Q, Han X et al. Research Progress on the Relationship between Atherosclerosis and Inflammation. Biomolecules. [Internet]. 2018 citado 05/11/2021]; 8(3):80. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/biom8030080
16. Steven S, Daiber A, Dopheide JF, Münzel T, Espinola-Klein C. Peripheral artery disease, redox signaling, oxidative stress - Basic and clinical aspects. Redox biology. [Internet]. 2017 [citado 04/11/2021]; 12:787-797. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.017
17. Spannbauer A, Chwała M, Ridan T, Berwecki A, Mika P, Kulik A, et al. Intermittent Claudication in Physiotherapists’ Practice. BioMed research international. [Internet]. 2019 [citado 08/11/2021]; 2470801. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2470801
18. Sfyri P, Matsakas A. Crossroads between peripheral atherosclerosis, western-type diet and skeletal muscle pathophysiology: emphasis on apolipoprotein E deficiency and peripheral arterial disease. Journal ofbiomedical science. [Internet]. 2017 [citado 08/11/2021]; 24(1):42. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-017-0346-8
19. Li Q, Chen L, Shen Y, Li J, Dong Y. A modified axillo-femoral perfusion for acute type an aortic dissection accompanied with lower limb malperfusion. Journal of cardiothoracic surgery. [Internet]. 2020 [citado 08/11/2021]; 15(1):10. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-020-1060-2
20. Donohue CM, Adler JV, Bolton LL. Peripheral arterial disease screening and diagnostic practice: A scoping review. International wound journal. [Internet]. 2020 [citado 04/11/2021]; 17(1):32-44. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/ iwj.13223
21. Rümenapf G, Morbach S, Schmidt A, Sigl M. Intermittent Claudication and Asymptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease. Deutsches Arzteblatt international. [Internet]. 2020 [citado 05/11/2021]; 117(11):188-193. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2020.0188
22. Rammos C, Kontogiannis A, Mahabadi AA, Steinmetz M, Messiha D, Messiha Daniel, et al. Risk stratification and mortality prediction in octo- and nonagenarians with peripheral artery disease: a retrospective analysis. BMC cardiovascular disorders. [Internet]. 2021[citado 08/11/2021]; 21(1):370. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-021-02177-1
23. Mizzi A, Cassar K, Bowen C, Formosa C. The progression rate of peripheral arterial disease in patients with intermittent claudication: a systematic review. Journal of foot and ankle research. [Internet]. 2019 [citado 07/11/2021];
12(40). Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-019-0351-0
24. Georg Kieback A, Espinola-Klein C, Lamina C, Moebus S, Tiller D, Lorbeer R, et al. One simple claudication question as first step in Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) screening: A meta-analysis of the association with reduced Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) in 27,945 subjects. PloS one [Internet] 2019 [citado
04/11/2021]; 14(11): e0224608. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1371/
journal.pone.0224608
25. Aragão JA, Andrade LG, Neves O, Aragão LC, Aragão FM Prado F, et al. Anxiety and depression in patients with peripheral arterial disease admitted to a tertiary hospital. Jornal vascular brasileiro. [Internet]. 2019 [citado 08/11/2021]; 18:e20190002. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1590/1677-5449.190002
26. Striberger R, Axelsson M, Zarrouk M, Kumlien C. Illness perceptions in patients with peripheral arterial disease: A systematic review of qualitative studies. International journal of nursing. [Internet]. 2020 [citado 05/11/2021]; 116:103723. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103723
27. Conte MS, Bradbury AW, Kolh P, White JV, Dick F, Fritidge R, et al. Global Vascular Guidelines on the Management of Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia. European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery: the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery. [Internet]. 2019 [citado
05/11/2021]; 58(1S):S1-09.e33. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ejvs.2019.05.006
28. Okamoto S, Lida O, Takahara M, Hata Y, Aasai M, Masuda M, et al. A Global Vascular Guidelines-Based Bypass-Preferred Population and Their SurgicalRisk Among CLTI Patients Treated With Endovascular Therapy in a Real-World Practice. Journal of endovascular therapy: an official journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists [Internet]. 2020 [citado 05/11/2021]; 27(4):608-613. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/1526602820924338
29. Almasri J, Adusumalli J, Asi N, Lakis S, Alsawas M, Prokop LJ, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of revascularization outcomes of infrainguinal chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Journal of vascular surgery. [Internet]. 2018 [citado 04/11/2021]; 68(2): 624-633. Disponible en: https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jvs.2018.01.066
30. Lu Y, Ballew HS, Tanaka H, Szklo M, Heiss G, Coresh J, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA blood pressure classification and incident peripheral artery disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. European journal of
preventive cardiology. [Internet]. 2020 [citado 06/11/2021]; 27(1):51-59. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319865378
31. CannavaleA, Santoni M, Gazzatti M, Catalano C, Fanelli F. Updated Clinical and Radiological Classification of Lower Limb Atherosclerotic Disease. Annals of vascular surgery. [Internet]. 2019 [citado 05/11/2021];
55:272-284. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2018.06.011
32. Hiatt WR, Hess CN, Bonaca MP, Kavanagh S, Patel MR, Baumgartner I et al. Ankle-Brachial Index for Risk Stratification in Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease With and Without Prior Lower Extremity Revascularization: Observations From the EUCLID Trial. Circ Cardiovasc Interv.
[Internet]. 2021 [citado 06/11/2021]; 14(7):e009871. Disponible en:
https://doi.org/doi:10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.120.009871
33. Rochoy M, Doublali A, Berkhout C. Utilisation de l’index de pression systolique dans le dépistage de l’artériopathie du membre inférieur en médecine générale. Annales de cardiologie et d’angeiologie. [Internet]. 2021 [citado 05/11/2021]; 70(2):75-80. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancard.2020.12.006
34. Hopley CW, Kavanagh S, Patel MR, Ostrom C, Baumgartner I, Berger JS et al. Chronic kidney disease and risk for cardiovascular and limb outcomes in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease: The EUCLID trial. Vascular medicine (London, England). [Internet]. 2019 [citado 04/11/2021]; 24(5):422-430. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/1358863X19864172
35. Couzan S, Pouget JF, Le Hello C, Chapelle C, Laporte S, Mismetti P, et al. High tolerance of progressive elastic compression in peripheral arterial disease. VASA. Zeitschrift fur Gefasskrankheiten. [Internet]. 2019 [citado 06/11/2021]; 48(5):413-417. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000799
36. Huo Yung Kai S, Ferriéres J, Carles C, Turpin M, Lapébie FX, Frederic Dutheil, et al. Lower limb venous and arterial peripheral diseases and work
conditions: systematic review. Occupational and environmental medicine.
[Internet]. 2021 [citado 04/11/2021]; 78(1):4-14. Disponible en: https://doi.
org/10.1136/oemed-2019-106375
37. Cardoso C, Melo JV, Santos T, Leite NC, Salles GF. Traditional and
non-traditional risk factors for peripheral artery disease development/progression in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Rio de Janeiro type 2 diabetes cohort study. Cardiovas diabetolo. [Internet]. 2021[citado 06/11/2021]; 20:54. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-021-01249-y
38. Wang FM, Yang C, Ballews SH, Kalbaugh CA, Meyer ML, Hirofumi Tanaka et al. Ankle-brachial index and subsequent risk of incident and recurrent cardiovascular events in older adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk
in Communities (ARIC) study. Atherosclerosis. [Internet]. 2021 [citado 04/11/2021]; 336:39-47. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.09.028
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.09.012
2. Sun H, Liu L, Jing Y, Wang J, Zhou Y, Kang Chen et al. Post-exercise ankle-brachial index decline and risk of all-cause mortality: A meta-analysis. European journal of preventive cardiology. [Internet]. 2020 [citado 04/11/2021]; 27(11):1225-1227. Disponible en: https://doi. org/10.1177/2047487319849507
3. Abry L, Weiss S, Makaloski V, Haynes AG, Schmidli J, Wyss T et
al. Peripheral Artery Disease Leading to Major Amputation: Trends in Revascularization and Mortality Over 18 Years. Ann Vasc Surg. [Internet].
2021 [citado 04/11/2021]; 78:295-301. Disponible en: https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.avsg.2021.04.037
4. Del Brutto OH, Sedler MJ, Zambrano M, Mera RM, Phelan KJ, Gruen JA, et al. Comparison of field questionnaires with the ankle-brachial index for the detection of peripheral artery disease. A population-based study in rural Ecuador. International journal of cardiology. [Internet]. 2014 [citado 04/11/2021]; 177(2):703-4. Disponible en: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.09.188
5. Barrera-Guarderas F, Carrasco-Tenezaca F, De la Torre-Cisneros K. Peripheral Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Survival Analysis of an Ecuadorian Population in Primary Care. Journal of primary care & community health. [Internet]. 2020 [citado 10/11/2021]; 11:1-9. Disponible en: https://doi.
org/10.1177/2150132720957449
6. Song P, Rudan D, Zhu Y, Fowkes F, Rahimi K, Fowkes GR et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2015: an updated systematic review and analysis. The Lancet. [Internet]. 2019 [citado 10/11/2021]; 7:e1020-e1030. Disponible en:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30255-4
7. Yip W, Fu H, Chen AT, Zhai T, Jian W, Xu R et al. 10 years of healthcare reform in China: progress and gaps in Universal Health Coverage. The Lancet. [Internet]. 2019 [citado 08/11/2021]; 394(10204):1192-1204. Disponible en : https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32136-1
8. Saloner B, Wilk AS, Levin J. Community Health Centers and Access to Care Among Underserved Populations: A Synthesis Review. Medical care research and review: MCRR. [Internet]. 2020 [citado 06/11/2021]; 77(1):3-18. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/1077558719848283
9. Liu F, Du J, Nie M, Fu J, Sun J. 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T gene polymorphism and peripheral arterial disease: A meta-analysis. Vascular [Internet]. 2021 [citado 08/11/2021]; 29(6):913-919. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/1708538120982698
10. Poznyak A, Andrey VG, Orekhov AN, Poggio P, Myasoedova VA, Alfieri V. The Diabetes Mellitus-Atherosclerosis Connection: The Role of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation. International journal of molecular sciences. [Internet]. 2020 [citado 04/11/2021]; 21(5):1835. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051835
11. Hap K, Biernat K, Konieczny, G. Patients with Diabetes Complicated by Peripheral Artery Disease: the Current State of Knowledge on Physiotherapy Interventions. Journal of diabetes research. [Internet]. 2021 [citado 04/11/2021]; 5122494. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5122494
12. Schaller MS, Chen M, Colas RA, Sorrentino TA, Lazar AA, Grenon
SM et al. Treatment With a Marine Oil Supplement Alters Lipid Mediators and Leukocyte Phenotype in Healthy Patients and Those With Peripheral Artery Disease. Journal of the American Heart Association. [Internet]. 2020 [citado 06/11/2021]; 9(15):e016113. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.016113
13. Ramirez JL, Gasper WJ, Khetani SA, Zahner GJ, Hills NK, Mitchell PT, et al. Fish Oil Increases Specialized Pro-resolving Lipid Mediators in PAD (The OMEGA-PAD II Trial). The Journal of surgical research. [Internet]. 2019 [citado 05/11/2021]; 238:164-174. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2019.01.038
14. Jeong IH, Bae WY, Choi JS, Jeong JW. Ischemia induces autophagy of endothelial cells and stimulates angiogenic effects in a hindlimb ischemia mouse model. Cell death & disease. [Internet]. 2020 [citado 04/11/2021]; 11(8):624. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-020-02849-4
15. Zhu Y, Xian X, Wang Z, Bi Y, Chen Q, Han X et al. Research Progress on the Relationship between Atherosclerosis and Inflammation. Biomolecules. [Internet]. 2018 citado 05/11/2021]; 8(3):80. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/biom8030080
16. Steven S, Daiber A, Dopheide JF, Münzel T, Espinola-Klein C. Peripheral artery disease, redox signaling, oxidative stress - Basic and clinical aspects. Redox biology. [Internet]. 2017 [citado 04/11/2021]; 12:787-797. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.017
17. Spannbauer A, Chwała M, Ridan T, Berwecki A, Mika P, Kulik A, et al. Intermittent Claudication in Physiotherapists’ Practice. BioMed research international. [Internet]. 2019 [citado 08/11/2021]; 2470801. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2470801
18. Sfyri P, Matsakas A. Crossroads between peripheral atherosclerosis, western-type diet and skeletal muscle pathophysiology: emphasis on apolipoprotein E deficiency and peripheral arterial disease. Journal ofbiomedical science. [Internet]. 2017 [citado 08/11/2021]; 24(1):42. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-017-0346-8
19. Li Q, Chen L, Shen Y, Li J, Dong Y. A modified axillo-femoral perfusion for acute type an aortic dissection accompanied with lower limb malperfusion. Journal of cardiothoracic surgery. [Internet]. 2020 [citado 08/11/2021]; 15(1):10. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-020-1060-2
20. Donohue CM, Adler JV, Bolton LL. Peripheral arterial disease screening and diagnostic practice: A scoping review. International wound journal. [Internet]. 2020 [citado 04/11/2021]; 17(1):32-44. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/ iwj.13223
21. Rümenapf G, Morbach S, Schmidt A, Sigl M. Intermittent Claudication and Asymptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease. Deutsches Arzteblatt international. [Internet]. 2020 [citado 05/11/2021]; 117(11):188-193. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2020.0188
22. Rammos C, Kontogiannis A, Mahabadi AA, Steinmetz M, Messiha D, Messiha Daniel, et al. Risk stratification and mortality prediction in octo- and nonagenarians with peripheral artery disease: a retrospective analysis. BMC cardiovascular disorders. [Internet]. 2021[citado 08/11/2021]; 21(1):370. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-021-02177-1
23. Mizzi A, Cassar K, Bowen C, Formosa C. The progression rate of peripheral arterial disease in patients with intermittent claudication: a systematic review. Journal of foot and ankle research. [Internet]. 2019 [citado 07/11/2021];
12(40). Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-019-0351-0
24. Georg Kieback A, Espinola-Klein C, Lamina C, Moebus S, Tiller D, Lorbeer R, et al. One simple claudication question as first step in Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) screening: A meta-analysis of the association with reduced Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) in 27,945 subjects. PloS one [Internet] 2019 [citado
04/11/2021]; 14(11): e0224608. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1371/
journal.pone.0224608
25. Aragão JA, Andrade LG, Neves O, Aragão LC, Aragão FM Prado F, et al. Anxiety and depression in patients with peripheral arterial disease admitted to a tertiary hospital. Jornal vascular brasileiro. [Internet]. 2019 [citado 08/11/2021]; 18:e20190002. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1590/1677-5449.190002
26. Striberger R, Axelsson M, Zarrouk M, Kumlien C. Illness perceptions in patients with peripheral arterial disease: A systematic review of qualitative studies. International journal of nursing. [Internet]. 2020 [citado 05/11/2021]; 116:103723. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103723
27. Conte MS, Bradbury AW, Kolh P, White JV, Dick F, Fritidge R, et al. Global Vascular Guidelines on the Management of Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia. European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery: the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery. [Internet]. 2019 [citado
05/11/2021]; 58(1S):S1-09.e33. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ejvs.2019.05.006
28. Okamoto S, Lida O, Takahara M, Hata Y, Aasai M, Masuda M, et al. A Global Vascular Guidelines-Based Bypass-Preferred Population and Their SurgicalRisk Among CLTI Patients Treated With Endovascular Therapy in a Real-World Practice. Journal of endovascular therapy: an official journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists [Internet]. 2020 [citado 05/11/2021]; 27(4):608-613. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/1526602820924338
29. Almasri J, Adusumalli J, Asi N, Lakis S, Alsawas M, Prokop LJ, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of revascularization outcomes of infrainguinal chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Journal of vascular surgery. [Internet]. 2018 [citado 04/11/2021]; 68(2): 624-633. Disponible en: https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jvs.2018.01.066
30. Lu Y, Ballew HS, Tanaka H, Szklo M, Heiss G, Coresh J, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA blood pressure classification and incident peripheral artery disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. European journal of
preventive cardiology. [Internet]. 2020 [citado 06/11/2021]; 27(1):51-59. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319865378
31. CannavaleA, Santoni M, Gazzatti M, Catalano C, Fanelli F. Updated Clinical and Radiological Classification of Lower Limb Atherosclerotic Disease. Annals of vascular surgery. [Internet]. 2019 [citado 05/11/2021];
55:272-284. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2018.06.011
32. Hiatt WR, Hess CN, Bonaca MP, Kavanagh S, Patel MR, Baumgartner I et al. Ankle-Brachial Index for Risk Stratification in Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease With and Without Prior Lower Extremity Revascularization: Observations From the EUCLID Trial. Circ Cardiovasc Interv.
[Internet]. 2021 [citado 06/11/2021]; 14(7):e009871. Disponible en:
https://doi.org/doi:10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.120.009871
33. Rochoy M, Doublali A, Berkhout C. Utilisation de l’index de pression systolique dans le dépistage de l’artériopathie du membre inférieur en médecine générale. Annales de cardiologie et d’angeiologie. [Internet]. 2021 [citado 05/11/2021]; 70(2):75-80. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancard.2020.12.006
34. Hopley CW, Kavanagh S, Patel MR, Ostrom C, Baumgartner I, Berger JS et al. Chronic kidney disease and risk for cardiovascular and limb outcomes in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease: The EUCLID trial. Vascular medicine (London, England). [Internet]. 2019 [citado 04/11/2021]; 24(5):422-430. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/1358863X19864172
35. Couzan S, Pouget JF, Le Hello C, Chapelle C, Laporte S, Mismetti P, et al. High tolerance of progressive elastic compression in peripheral arterial disease. VASA. Zeitschrift fur Gefasskrankheiten. [Internet]. 2019 [citado 06/11/2021]; 48(5):413-417. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000799
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Publicado
2022-06-01
Cómo citar
1.
Cedillo-Balcázar J. Detección de la enfermedad arterial oclusiva crónica de extremidades inferiores en los centros de salud. Rev 16 de abril [Internet]. 1 de junio de 2022 [citado 22 de diciembre de 2024];61(284):e1574. Disponible en: https://rev16deabril.sld.cu/index.php/16_04/article/view/1574
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